海洋一词的英语表述及翻译基于联合国海洋法中(2)
2.“海洋”一词在英语语言中作为前置定语时,较多的表述方式还是使用不同的形容词:oceanic,oceanographical/oceanographic/oceanographical/oceanographic,marine,maritime。
oceanic:of or relating to the sea海洋的;大洋;远洋的。如:a gallery specializing in oceanic art。[1-2]
与海洋学科相关时则用oceanographical/oceanographic/oceanographical/oceanographic(海洋学的;有关海洋学的)。如:
例1:
中文版本:……因与其海洋学和生态条件有关的公认技术理由…….
英文版本:…for recognized technical reasons in relation to its oceanographical and ecological conditions,…
例2:
中文版本:委员会可在认为必要和有用的范围内与联合国教科文组织的政府间海洋学委员会、国际水文学组织及其他主管国际组织合作,以求交换可能有助于委员会执行职务的科学和技术情报。
英文版本:The Commission may cooperate,to the extent considered necessary and useful,with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO,the International Hydrographic Organization and other competent international organizations with a view to exchanging scientific and technical information which might be of assistance in discharging the Commission’s responsibilities.
oceanographical/oceanographic/oceanographical/oceanographic这几个形容词都派生于英语中“海洋学”(oceanography/oceanology)的表述。如在联合国《海洋法》中:
中文版本:法律和技术委员会委员应具备诸如有关矿物资源的勘探和开发及加工、海洋学、海洋环境的保护,或关于海洋采矿的经济或法律问题以及其他有关的专门知识方面的适当资格。
英文版本:Members of the Legal and Technical Commission shall have appropriate qualifications such as those relevant to exploration for and exploitation and processing of mineral resources,oceanology,protection of the marine environment,or economic or legal matters relating to ocean mining and related fields of expertise.
Oceanography的解释为:the branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and phenomena of the sea(海洋学),而oceanology的词典解释为:another term for oceanography。[1]
英语中与“海洋”相关的最常用的形容词为“marine”和“maritime”。
在联合国《海洋法》中,在以下与“海洋”相关的表述中,英文都使用了“marine”一词:
海洋环境—the marine environment
海洋科学研究—marine scientific research
海洋哺乳动物—marine mammals
海洋技术—marine technology
海洋科学—marine science
海洋生物—marine life
海洋生物学—marine biology
海洋活动—marine activities
海洋工程—marine engineering
海洋污染—marine pollution
海洋资源—marine resources
在联合国《海洋法》英文版,“maritime”主要用于以下例子:
例1:
中文版本:这种设施的周围应设立安全地带并加适当的标记,以确保航行和设施的安全。这种安全地带的形状和位置不得构成一个地带阻碍船舶合法出入特定海洋区域或阻碍沿国际海道的航行;
英文版本:safety zones shall be established around such installations with appropriate markings to ensure the safety of both navigation and the configuration and location of such safety zones shall not be such as to form a belt impeding the lawful access of shipping to particular maritime zones or navigation along international sea lanes;
例2:
中文版本:联合国秘书长应编制并保持一份仲裁员名单。每一缔约国应有权提名四名仲裁员,每名仲裁员均应在海洋事务方面富有经验并享有公平、才干和正直的最高声誉。这样提名的人员的姓名应构成该名单。
英文版本:A list of arbitrators shall be drawn up and maintained by the Secretary-General of the United State Party shall be entitled to nominate four arbitrators,each of whom shall be a person experienced in maritime affairs and enjoying the highest reputation for fairness,competence and of the persons so nominated shall constitute the list.
“Marine”和“maritime”两者之间有何区别?
“Marine”一词的释义包括:[1-2]
①of,found in,or produced by the sea(海(洋)的;海里发现的;海生的;海产的)
比如:marine plant
②of or relating to shipping or naval insurance(航海的;海运的;海事的)
比如:marine insurance
文章来源:《海洋技术学报》 网址: http://www.hyjsxb.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0514/476.html